Extended Data Fig. 2: Digoxin pretreatment before S. Tm ΔinvA infection leads to increased pathogen colonization and dissemination.
From: Identification of medication–microbiome interactions that affect gut infection
a–g, PBS- or digoxin-pretreated C57BL/6NTac mice were infected intragastrically with ~108 CFUs of S. Tm ΔinvA 12 h after the final vehicle or drug dose and infection monitored over time. a, Pathogen burden in faeces at 2 dpi (PBS n = 12, digoxin n = 13). b–e, Faecal pathogen burden at 4 dpi (b). Mice were euthanized at 4 dpi and pathogen burden was enumerated from the ileum (c), caecum (d) and colon (e) contents. f,g, Dissemination of S. Tm ΔinvA to extraintestinal tissues was measured in the liver (f) and spleen (g). In b–g, n = 7 mice per group. h,i, PBS- or digoxin-pretreated C57BL/6NTac mice (n = 5 per group) were infected intraperitoneally (I.P.) with ~105 CFUs of S. Tm ΔinvA and dissemination was measured in liver (h) and spleen (i) at 1 dpi. j,k, C57BL/6NTac Nramp1+/+ mice (n = 5 per group) were pretreated with PBS or digoxin, infected with ~108 CFUs of WT S. Tm, and pathogen burden measured at 4 dpi in GI contents (j) and tissues (k). A two-sided Mann–Whitney test is used to compare two groups. Dotted lines represent the limit of detection. ns, not significant.
