Extended Data Fig. 10: Pedal proximal phalanx shape and metatarsal torsion in KNM-ER 101000.

Analyses of pedal proximal phalanx shape, included angle of proximal phalanx curvature, and third metatarsal variables. (a) PCA on 9 variables reflecting the intrinsic dimensions, curvature, and base dorsal canting ratio of the pPP5. Individuals on the positive end of PC1 have increased curvature, decreased dorsal canting, increased intrinsic length, and a mediolaterally narrower base and trochlea. Individuals on the positive end of PC2 have mediolaterally wider and dorsoplantarly shallower midshafts. Open triangles = H. sapiens, black crosses = P. troglodytes, grey crosses = P. paniscus, open black circle = G. gorilla, solid black circle = G. beringei, open black diamonds = Pongo spp., green diamond = Ar. ramidus (ARA-VP-6/500-044), red squares = A. afarensis (1 = A.L. 333-115i, 2 = A.L. 333-154, 3 = A.L. 333-60), gold star = KNM-ER 101000. (b) Pedal PP5 included angle of curvature. (c) MT3 torsion angle. (d) Third metatarsal base dorsoplantar height to mediolateral breadth ratio. KNM-ER 101000 has a more derived, Homo-like pPP5 combined with high metatarsal torsion and a dorsoplantarly deep tarsometatarsal joint. In each boxplot (b-d) the median is indicated by a horizontal line, the box spans the interquartile range (IQR), and the whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values in the sample.