Extended Data Fig. 6: Schematic of the pump–probe procedure used for optical orientation. | Nature

Extended Data Fig. 6: Schematic of the pump–probe procedure used for optical orientation.

From: Optical control over topological Chern number in moiré materials

Extended Data Fig. 6: Schematic of the pump–probe procedure used for optical orientation.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a, The power of the light with about 5 meV FWHM centred on the AP resonance is modulated in time using a fibre optical attenuator. The pump (probe) pulse lasts 3 s (10 s). b, During each pump sequence, the light polarization is set to the desired setting (σ+, σ− or π). During the probe sequence, the excitation is linearly polarized. c, The polarization in the detection path is set to σ− for the initial 5 s of the probe sequence and switched to σ+ for the second half of the probe sequence, allowing us to resolve the hole spin polarization.

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