Extended Data Fig. 3: Genetic homogeneity of the Yakut individuals from ~1,500.
From: An ancient DNA perspective on the Russian conquest of Yakutia
a-b) PCA conducted on 597,573 SNPs for 2,761 modern Eurasian and American individuals, with 892 ancient Eurasian and American individuals and 106 ancient Yakut individuals projected. The percentage indicated on each PC reflects the explained fraction of genetic variation. In panel a) PC1 and PC2 are zoomed in on the Yakut cluster, with modern Yakut individuals indicated with black filled dots. Panel b) shows the placement of ancient individuals, including Yakuts, on PC2 and PC3. c) Co-ancestry matrix of modern Eurasian individuals, modern Yakuts and imputed ancient Yakuts. The tree was defined from fineSTRUCTURE21 clustering. The Yakut gene pool is not structured by time period. The three individuals in our dataset clustering within Asia correspond to, from top to bottom, the 17th century Buryat (Tungus), the Stage 4 Omouk1 individual, and the Mokp Iron Age individual. d) D-statistics testing for excess of genetic sharedness into Stage 1 to Stage 4 Yakut individuals, disregarding 5 genetic outliers (Byljasyk3, Haras, Khoumakhtaakh, Omouk1, Omouk3). Z-scores are adjusted (Zadj) for multiple testing using Benjamini-Hochberg correction. D-statistics are of the form D(Outgroup, Eurasian modern populations; StageX, StageY/modern Yakut), where positive values indicate closer genetic proximity of modern Eurasian population with StageY or modern Yakuts than with StageX individuals. Error bars reflect two times standard error.
