Extended Data Fig. 13: Genome-wide G×E interactions for metabolites.
From: A cross-population compendium of gene–environment interactions
a, Sexual dimorphic effects at four loci in UKB1. XXL_VLDL_TG_pct, the triglycerides to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL; S_VLDL_CE_pct, the cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small VLDL. b and c, Environment-specific effects in UKB1 for current-smoking at the LRRC4C locus (b) and never-drinking at the KLHL32 locus (c). L_VLDL_PL_pct, the phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large VLDL; S_VLDL_PL, phospholipids in small VLDL. d, Distribution of Pmarginal and PG×E at the SLC7A2 locus in UKB1, estimated by two-sided linear regression. e, Environment-stratified effect sizes at the SLC7A2 locus in UKB1. For the “tea and coffee” and “meat and cheese” environment clusters, participants were stratified into two equal-sized groups. Note that coffee consumption was multiplied by −1 to account for its negative correlation with tea consumption in UKB1; therefore, higher cluster values indicate more frequent tea consumption, whereas lower values indicate more frequent coffee consumption. For a–c and e, data are presented as estimated values with 95% CI; see Supplementary Table 34 for the sample sizes.
