Extended Data Fig. 4: Association of thymic health with overall survival in patients with NSCLC.

Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models of OS according to thymic health, i.e., an imaging-based proxy for thymic functionality. Analyses show the comparison of high or average thymic health to the reference of low thymic health. The forest plots show the same data after multivariate adjustments. Patients were treated with a, immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy (Chemo-IO), or b, immunotherapy monotherapy (IO mono) - with adjustments for sex, age, ECOG performance status, histologic analysis, PD-L1, TMB, and treatment line. c,d, Subgroup of second-line plus patients, i.e., after exclusion of first-line patients, with NSCLC who were treated with c, Chemo-IO combination therapy or d, IO monotherapy - adjustments in d, included sex, age, ECOG performance status, histologic analysis, PD-L1, and TMB, while in c, adjustments were not performed due to limited sample size. a–d, Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs. In the forest plots, the centre of each box represents the estimated hazard ratio, and the whiskers denote the corresponding 95% CI; arrowheads indicate that the 95% CI extends beyond the visualized limits; shaded box size is for visualization only and does not encode statistical weight. The overall contribution of thymic health to multivariable models was evaluated using likelihood ratio tests (χ² tests) comparing full models with nested models excluding thymic health (type III test, two-sided) with no adjustments for multiple comparisons.