Extended Data Fig. 1: Script-assisted design to generate KiriE patterns and automated electrode routing.

a, Pattern generation for lithography. First, (x,y) coordinates are generated and connected in a clock-wise order. Utilizing a Python geometry library, PHIDL, the coordinates are converted to filled polygons compatible with GDS-II file format. b, Latch design. The starting points (p), the normal vectors at those points (\(\vec{n}\)) and their rotation (θ) are input parameters to build a latch connecting two polygons. The magnitude (m) is adjustable. c, The starting points and the normal vectors (rotated normal in green) define four points p1, p2, c1, c2 which control a NURBS curve. d, The curve is given a width and its ends are smoothly snapped onto the polygons. e, The attachment is adjusted to smoothen sharp joins (see Fig. 1e). f, The resulting latch is integrated into the design. g, Different latches can be produced by changing the script parameters. h, The spiral KiriE is programmatically generated by inputting the number of latches, rings, size, latch parameters, etc. i, The simulation workflow. The design file is triangulated with pygmsh for FEM simulations. j, The spiral KiriE pattern shows the device area and the mesh outside the device area for attaching to the supporting structure. k, To automatically route the electrode lines, nodes and paths were generated for each polygon to provide possible routes for metal lines. l, Electrodes (yellow) are routed through individual non-intersecting metal lines toward the contact pads. m, The nodes (red) define a graph and are connected if they are close enough. n, Inset of the outer wavy ring of the device showing the implicit nodes and paths inside the polygon. o, A node-disjoint flow through the graph was computed using the Networkx package, which corresponds to non-intersecting routes from electrode to pad. The implicit paths connected to red nodes were used to outline the exact shape of the metal line route (yellow paths). The right inset shows metal paths from electrodes to pads as they travel through the outer ring toward the pads without intersecting.