Extended Data Fig. 3: Engineering the biosynthesis of precursor pCA in yeast.
From: Engineering cofactor supply and recycling to drive phenolic acid biosynthesis in yeast
a. Overview of the engineered metabolic pathway for pCA biosynthesis. Optimization of the shikimic acid and aromatic amino acid (AAA) pathways together with the introduction of bacteria- and plant-derived phenolic acid pathways were used for pCA production. ARO10 encoding phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, PDC5 encoding pyruvate decarboxylase, ARO4 encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase, ARO7 encoding chorismate mutase, EcAROL encoding E. coli shikimate kinase II, FjTAL encoding Flavobacterium johnsoniae tyrosine ammonia lyase, SbPAL1 encoding Isatis indigotica phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1, AtCPR1 encoding Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase, PtrC4H1/2 encoding Populus trichocarpa cinnamic acid hydroxylase 1/2, PtrC3H encoding P. trichocarpa coumarate-3-hydroxylase, CYP complex consisting of PtrC4H1 + PtrC4H2 + PtrC3H. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; DHQ, 3-dehydroquinate; DHS, 3-dehydro-shikimate; SHIK, shikimate; S3P, shikimate-3-phosphate; EPSP, 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate; CHA, chorismic acid; PPA, prephenate; PPY, phenylpyruvate; HPP, para-hydroxy-phenylpyruvate; Phe, phenylalanine; Tyr, tyrosine; CA, cinnamic acid; pCA, coumaric acid; CaA, caffeic acid; FA, ferulic acid. b. Production of pCA in yeast. c. Introduction of the CYP complex further improved pCA biosynthesis. All data represent the mean of n = 3 independent biological samples and error bars show standard deviation. All data represent the mean of n = 3 independent biological samples and error bars show standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by using Student’s t test (one-tailed; two-sample unequal variance; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).
