Extended Data Fig. 9: Combination treatment effects in vivo.

Primary CD4⁺ T cells were infected with the HIV-1 reporter virus NL4-3-Pol. Three days post infection, these cells were transfused into mice (5–10 million cells per mouse). EFV and VbP were provided by IV injection immediately after cell infusion. Remaining infected cells were measured by flow cytometry. a, Representative flow cytometry plots measuring remaining infected CD4⁺ T cells in blood 6hrs post treatment. b, c, blood samples were collected 6hrs and 24 hr post EFV and VbP treatment (n = 4) or control (n = 3). d, Lung tissues were collected 24 hrs post EFV and VbP treatment. Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple hypothesis test. e, f, Comparison of killing between IV and IP injection of EFV and VbP. Blood samples were collected 6hrs and 24 hr post EFV and VbP treatment. Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple hypothesis test. (IV sample sizes are the same as b-d, IP samples sizes are as follows: DMSO = 17, EFV = 12, combination = 20. g, CD4⁺ T cell counts from lung tissues of mice treated with control (n = 5), EFV (n = 4), VbP (n = 5), or combination (n = 5) after 24 hours. Two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple hypothesis test. h, CD4⁺ T cell counts from lung tissues from mice with control (n = 5), single-dose (n = 5), or multi-dose (n = 7) combination treatment regimens. Two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple hypothesis test. Error bars show mean values with SEM. ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.