Fig. 6: ILCs rapidly respond to HIV stimulation with transcriptional changes.

a, Representative uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) visualization of lineage-negative genital cells. b, UMAP plot of IL7R expression in lineage-negative genital cells from the EM, END and ECT. c,d, Gene expression of common human ILC (c) and NK-cell-associated genes (d). e–h, Gene expression for ILC1 (e), intraepithelial ILC1 (f), ILC3 (g) and LTI-like cells (h). i, Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between control and HIV. Paired comparisons were done with the Wilcoxon non-parametric test (two-sided). Red indicates P ≤ 0.05. j,k, Transcripts significantly upregulated (j) and downregulated (k) in response to HIV in genital ILCs. Red denotes HIV-stimulated; blue represents control. All have adjusted P ≤ 0.05. l, Gene Ontology terms from upregulated genes (P ≤ 0.05) with HIV stimulation. Fisher’s exact test with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. FDR is shown by color; bubble size is the number of genes. n = 3 tissues (EM, END, ECT).