Distinct monocyte gene expression programs were identified in people with long COVID after mild-to-moderate COVID-19 versus severe acute COVID-19, providing evidence that immunological dysregulation after mild acute COVID-19 may be the result of distinct pathobiological pathways.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References
Kumar, S. et al. Nat. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02387-1 (2026).
Schulte-Schrepping, J. et al. Cell 182, 1419–1440.e23 (2020).
Su, Y. et al. Cell 185, 881–895.e20 (2022).
Peluso, M. J. & Deeks, S. G. Cell 187, 5500–5529 (2024).
Donado, C. A. et al. Nature 641, 211–221 (2025).
Cervia-Hasler, C. et al. Science 383, eadg7942 (2024).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Antar, A.A.R., Pasetes, E.C., Brennon, K.M.Z. et al. Immunologically distinct long COVID after mild acute disease. Nat Immunol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02399-x
Published:
Version of record:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02399-x