Extended Data Fig. 5: Regional BBB breakdown Ktrans increases with CDR independent of CSF Aβ, tau, and VRFs, and relates to sPDGFRβ only in hippocampal gray matter regions.
From: Blood–brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction
a–b, An increase in Ktrans values in the HC, PHG, and the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus HC subfields, with increasing CDR (a), but not in other brain regions including the superior frontal cortical gyrus and inferior temporal cortical gyrus, white matter regions including the subcortical white matter fibers, corpus callosum, and internal capsule, and deep gray matter regions including the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and striatum (b). c–d, Additional brain regions showed no significant differences in Ktrans BBB permeability values in individuals with CDR 0 and CDR 0.5, regardless of CSF Aβ42 (c) or pTau (d) status. e–f, VRF burden does not influence an increase in the Ktrans BBB permeability values with increasing CDR in the HC, PHG, and HC subfields (that is, CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus) (e), and no change in the Ktrans BBB permeability values in other brain regions (f). See Supplementary Table 1 for the list of VRFs. a–f, Supports Fig. 1g–k. g–j, CSF sPDGFRβ is associated with BBB breakdown measured by neuroimaging in hippocampal gray matter regions (g–h), but not in white matter regions (i–j); supports Figs. 1 and 3. a–f, The box and whisker plot lines indicate the median values, the boxes indicate the IQR, and the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values. Significance tests after FDR correction from ANCOVAs. g–j, Statistical significance determined by Pearson correlation coefficient (r) . The brackets denote the sample size (n) in each analysis; applies to all regions within each panel.
