Fig. 1: A cross-tissue survey of ACE2⁺TMPRSS2⁺ cells shows enrichment in cells at reported sites of disease transmission or pathogenesis.

a,b, Double-positive cells were more prevalent in epithelial organs and cells. a, Proportion of ACE2⁺TMPRSS2⁺ cells per dataset (dots) from 21 tissues and organs (rows). b, Proportion of ACE2⁺TMPRSS2⁺ cells within cell clusters (dots) annotated by broad cell-type categories (rows) within each of the top seven enriched datasets. SMCs, smooth muscle cells. c,d, Significant coexpression of ACE2⁺TMPRSS2⁺ or ACE2⁺CTSL⁺ highlights cells from tissues implicated in transmission or pathogenesis. Significance of coexpression (dot size; −log₁₀ adjusted (adj.) P value), by two-sided Wald test (Methods); red border: false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.1) of ACE2⁺TMPRSS2⁺ (c) or ACE2⁺CTSL⁺ (d) and effect size (dot color, color bar) for finely annotated cell classes (columns) from diverse tissues (rows). Only tissues and cells in at least one significant coexpression relationship are shown (Methods). PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; CD–PC, collecting duct principal cell; PEC, parietal epithelial cell; PCT, proximal convoluted tubule; TA, transit amplifying. e–h, In situ validation of double-positive cells in the lung, airways and SMGs (n = 3 donors per experiment, images of three randomly chosen areas per donor). Proximity ligation in situ hybridization (PLISH) and immunostaining (e and g) and quantification (error bars: standard errors; f and h) in human adult lung alveoli for ACE2 (white), TMPRSS2 (green) and CTSL (e) (red; total of 1,487 DAPI-positive cells examined for quantification (f)) and ACE2 (white), TMPRSS2 (green) and HTII-280 (g) (red; total of 482 HTII-280-positive cells examined for quantification (h)).