Extended Data Fig. 5: Consensus of DE genes in each major cell type.

Each bar plot represents genes differentially expressed in at least half (4) of n = 8 COVID-19 samples relative to all healthy controls. DE genes were considered those with an average |log(fold-change)| > ± 0.25 and a two-sided p value < 0.05 as determined by Seurat’s implementation of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Each bar represents the cumulative log(fold-change) of each DE gene, colored by the contributions of individual COVID-19 samples. DE genes are shown for a, NK cells, b, CD4⁺ T cells, c, CD8⁺ T cells, d, CD16⁺ monocytes, e, Dendritic cells, f, CD14⁺ monocytes, and g, B cells. There were no DE genes in at least four COVID-19 samples for γδ T cells. Total number of cells per donor: C1 A – 3,222, C1 B – 4,889, C2 – 1,695, C3 – 6,206, C4 – 3,559, C5 – 2,391, C6 – 794, C7 – 3,145; cells from all healthy controls (n = 16,231 cells) were used to generate comparisons with each COVID-19 sample.