Fig. 4: Cytokine levels correlate with severity and independently predict survival.
From: An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival
Correlation of cytokine levels with established inflammatory and severity measurements. a, Correlation of each cytokine with each metric (n = 1,106 for fever, n = 1,112 for O2 saturation, n = 1,023 for CRP, n = 926 for D-dimer, n = 1,017 for ferritin, n = 1,038 for platelets and n = 1,023 for disease severity score), using the same univariate and multivariate analyses as in the Fig. 2 legend. Error bar indicates the median ± 95% CI. b, Competing risk analysis (n = 671) showing survival differences by IL-6 and TNF-α levels, after adjusting the following variables: IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, asthma, atrial fibrillation, cancer, CHF, CKD, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, severity, systolic blood pressure max, O2 saturation min, D-dimer, albumin, calcium, chloride and platelet count. c, Kaplan–Meier univariate analyses of survival by IL-6 and TNF-α levels in patients with normal (n = 257), low (n = 258) or very low (n = 287) O2 saturation, or in patients with moderate (n = 588) versus severe COVID-19 with end organ damage (n = 136), as measured at the first available test. EOD, end organ damage.
