Table 2 Comorbidity details for CYP who died between March 2020 and February 2021 from all causes and the 61 CYP who died with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, split by the likely cause of death

From: Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year

 

All deaths, March 2020–February 2021 (n = 3,105)

 

All deaths

Reference population (n = 3,080)

Died of COVID-19/PIMS-TS (n = 25)

Comparison of frequenciesa

All causes (n = 3,044)

Incidental positive SARS-CoV-2 test at death (n = 36)

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

P

Life-limiting condition

 Yes

974

32.0%

14

38·9%

15

60·0%

0·005

 No

2,027

66.6%

22

61·1%

10

40·0%

 

Chronic condition

 Yes

2,238

73.5%

29

80.6%

19

76.0%

0.6

 No

716

23.5%

7

19.4%

6

24.0%

 

Chronic condition details

 Cardiology (non-congenital)

458

15.0%

8

22.2%

8

32.0%

0.02

 Cardiology (congenital)

667

21.9%

10

27.8%

1

4.0%

0.03

 Dermatology

14

0.5%

0

0.0%

0

0.0%

–

 Endocrine (including obesity)

29

1.0%

1

2.8%

1

4.0%

0.22

 ENT (including tracheostomy)

70

2.3%

5

13.9%

10

40.0%

<0.001

 Gastroenterology

467

15.3%

18

50.0%

5

20.0%

0.56

 Genetic

88

2.9%

1

2.8%

8

32.0%

<0.001

 Hematological

287

9.4%

12

33.3%

2

8.0%

0.81

 Immunological

19

0.6%

2

5.6%

1

4.0%

0.16

 Infectious disease

15

0.5%

0

0.0%

0

0.0%

–

 Metabolic

181

5.9%

7

19.4%

4

16.0%

0.07

 Musculoskeletal

142

4.7%

5

13.9%

4

16.0%

0.03

 Neurological

1,194

39.2%

24

66.7%

13

52.0%

0.29

 Oncology

190

6.2%

8

22.2%

1

4.0%

0.51

 Renal

300

9.9%

6

16.7%

2

8.0%

0.74

 Reproductive system

9

0.3%

1

2.8%

0

0.0%

–

 Respiratory

474

15.6%

10

27.8%

12

48.0%

<0.001

 Rheumatology

4

0.1%

1

2.8%

0

0.0%

–

 Trauma

12

0.4%

2

5.6%

0

0.0%

–

Number of comorbidities

 0

716

23.5%

13

21.3%

6

24.0%

0.14

 1

906

29.8%

7

11.5%

3

12.0%

 

 2 or more

1,332

43.8%

41

67.2%

16

64.0%

 

 Unknown

90

3.0%

0

0.0%

0

0.0%

 

 Total

3,044

100.0%

61

100.0%

25

100.0%

–

Comorbidity combinations

 Neurological and respiratory

318

10.4%

17

27.9%

8

32.0%

<0.001

 Neurological and cardiology

559

18.4%

15

24.6%

3

12.0%

0.61

 Respiratory and cardiology

270

8.9%

12

19.7%

3

12.0%

0.49

Single diagnoses

 Asthmab

58

1.9%

5

8.2%

3

12.0%

0.02

 Type 1 diabetes

9

0.3%

0

0.0%

0

0.0%

-

 Epilepsyb

199

6.5%

7

11.5%

7

28.0%

<0.001

 Sickle cell disease

1

0.0%

1

1.6%

1

4.0%

0.02

 Trisomy 21

38

1.2%

0

0.0%

0

0.0%

-

  1. Table 2 shows the comorbidity details for the CYP who died of all causes and the CYP who died of SARS-CoV-2.
  2. aThe CYP who died of SARS-CoV-2 was compared to CYP who died from all other causes using summary statistics, and differences between groups were compared using the two-sided chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test if small numbers. No adjustment for multiple testing was undertaken.
  3. bThere were zero deaths in CYP with an isolated diagnosis of asthma or epilepsy. All the deaths in CYP with asthma or epilepsy had an additional neurological comorbidity (Fig. 3).
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