Fig. 3: Associations of longitudinal plasma biomarkers with longitudinal cognitive decline and brain atrophy in BioFINDER-1 (cohort 2).

a–c, The association between longitudinal plasma biomarkers and MMSE (a), mPACC (b) and cortical thickness of the typical AD signature regions (c) in Aβ positive cognitively unimpaired participants. The x axis shows time from first plasma biomarker samples. The model trajectories, shown as the mean slope and the mean ± 2 SD with 95% CI (shaded area), were plotted from linear mixed effects models with the interaction between time and standardized plasma biomarker slopes (derived from subject-level linear regression models) as an independent variable adjusting for age and sex; associations with cognition were also adjusted for years of education. Two-sided P values were corrected for multiple comparisons using Benjamini–Hochberg FDR; corrected and uncorrected P values are shown in Table 2 and Supplementary Table 2.