Extended Data Fig. 6: Comparison of the dose-response associations of daily frequency of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (non-exercisers) and context-agnostic (that is exercise or non-exercise) vigorous physical activity (exercisers) with mortality (length-standardized bouts up to 2 minutes).

All-cause mortality (A); cardiovascular disease mortality (B); and cancer mortality (C). Exercisers, n = 62,344 were included in the all-cause mortality (1,552 events), n = 56,810 in the CVD mortality (303 events) and n = 56,397 in the cancer mortality analyses (736 events). Non-exercisers n = 25,241 were included in the all-cause mortality analyses (852 events), were included in the all-cause mortality, n = 23,903 in the CVD mortality analyses (266 events), n = 22,966 in the cancer mortality analyses (511 events). Diamond: the minimal dose, as indicated by the ED50 statistic which estimates the daily duration/frequency of VILPA associated with 50% of optimal risk reduction. Circle: the hazard ratio associated with the median VILPA value. See Supplementary Tables 4 (nonexercisers) and 6 (exercisers) for the list of values. Triangle: optimal dose value defined as the nadir of the curve. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, duration of light intensity physical activity, duration of moderate intensity physical activity, smoking history, alcohol consumption, accelerometer estimated sleep duration, fruit and vegetable consumption, education, self-reported parental history of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and self-reported medication use (cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes), and prevalent cancer and CVD (for all-cause mortality). All analyses were additionally adjusted for vigorous physical activity bouts lasting more than two minutes. See Online Methods for further details on the statistical methodology. Shaded region with dashed lines represents 95%CI. Solid line represents point estimate. Arrow represents no inflection point.