Extended Data Fig. 1: Effects of antibiotic exposure on survival outcomes and on development of toxicities in CD19-targeted CAR-T cell-treated lymphoma patients.

(a) Kaplan–Meier curves for progression-free survival (PFS) in the German and US cohorts displayed separately according to exposure to any antibiotic within 3 weeks before CAR-T cell infusion. (b) Incidence of progression and (c) overall survival in the combined cohort stratified by pre-infusion antibiotic exposure. (d) PFS for the US and the German patient cohorts displayed according to antibiotic risk strata (no antibiotic exposure vs. exposures to low- or to high-risk antibiotics in the three-weeks pre-infusion time window). (e) Histograms of the frequencies of CRS or ICANS grades according to antibiotic risk stratification; statistics by log-rank tests (for survival analyses) and Fisher’s exact tests.