Extended Data Fig. 1: Fecal microbiota dynamics in critically ill patients.

(a) Taxonomic composition (phylum level) and (b) analysis of the relative abundance of bacterial families in critically ill patients (N = 51) sampled on day 1 of admission (N = 51), and again from survivors who remined in ICU on day 3 (N = 44), and day 7 (N = 15), compared to healthy volunteer controls (N = 15). Dots are individual patients, central line is median, box shows IQR, whiskers show range. Statistical comparisons between healthy volunteers and ICU patients at each time point were performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test, while pairwise comparisons of repeated measures across ICU patient-days were performed using mixed linear regression model with post hoc Tukey’s tests to account for repeated measures and variable drop-out. P values as shown. (c) Differential abundance of bacterial families between ICU patients and healthy volunteers was determined using ANCOM-II with a mixed model to account for repeated measures (across sampling days) (*p-adj<0.1).