Extended Data Fig. 2: Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination by vaccination status.

This bar chart shows the results of the item battery which we ran to assess attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Item (A) refers to ‘I am concerned about unanticipated side effects of the vaccination.’, (B) ‘I prefer to rely on my immune system rather than vaccination.’, (C) ‘I feel well informed about how vaccines work.’, (D) ‘Vaccination allows me to live as I did before the pandemic.’, (E) ‘Vaccination allows me to protect others.’, (F) ‘With a vaccination, I can protect myself.’, (G) ‘Vaccinations approved by the authorities are safe.’, (H) ‘Authorities provide sufficient information about how vaccines work.’, (I) ‘My everyday life is too stressful, I don't have time for vaccination.’, (J) ‘Vaccination does not help, you still get sick.’, and (K) ‘The current virus variant is mild, so I don't need vaccination.’ Bars depict the stacked proportions for each response category. In total, 6,357 respondents participated in the survey (Austria: n = 3,187; Italy: n = 3,170); missing values ranged between 6 to 8% for these items: 394 (6%) answers were missing for A, 413 (6%) for B, 406 (6%) for C, 387 (6%) for D, 422 (6%) for E, 429 (7%) for F, 536 (7%) for G, 418 (8%) for H, 529 (7%) for I, 433 (7%) for J, and 694 (11%) for K. For information on the measurement’s reliability and validity, see the methods section.