Table 1 Study sample demographic and clinical characteristics
From: Early detection of autism using digital behavioral phenotyping
Neurotypical (n = 328) | Autism (n = 49) | DD–LD (n = 98) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (in months)—mean (s.d.) | 20.4 (3.0) | 24.2 (4.6) | 21.2 (3.55) |
Sex (%) | |||
Boys | 170 (51.8) | 38 (77.5) | 61 (62.0) |
Girls | 158 (48.2) | 11 (22.5) | 37 (38.0) |
Ethnicity (%) | |||
Non-Hispanic/Latino | 306 (93.3) | 36 (73.4) | 83 (84.7) |
Hispanic/Latino | 22 (6.7) | 13 (26.6) | 15 (15.3) |
Race (%) | |||
Unknown/declined | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) |
American Indian/Alaskan Native | 1 (0.3) | 3 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Asian | 6 (1.8) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Black or African American | 28 (8.5) | 11 (22.4) | 15 (15.3) |
White/Caucasian | 255 (77.7) | 23 (46.9) | 69 (70.4) |
More than one race | 32 (9.9) | 7 (14.3) | 8 (8.2) |
Other | 6 (1.8) | 4 (8.3) | 5 (5.1) |
Highest level of education (%) | |||
Unknown/not reported | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Without high school diploma | 1 (0.3) | 4 (8.2) | 5 (5.1) |
High school diploma or equivalent | 12 (3.6) | 8 (16.3) | 8 (8.2) |
Some college education | 32 (9.8) | 10 (20.4) | 11 (11.2) |
Four-year college degree or more | 281 (85.7) | 27 (55.1) | 74 (75.5) |
M-CHAT-R/F—total | |||
Unknown/not reported | 1 (0.3) | 2 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Positive | 2 (0.6) | 38 (77.5) | 18 (18.4) |
Negative | 325 (99.1) | 9 (18.5) | 80 (81.6) |
ADOS calibrated severity score (CSS) | |||
Unknown/not reported—total (%) | N/A | 6 (12.2) | 85 (86.7) |
Restricted/repetitive behavior CSS | N/A | 7.76 (1.64) | 5.23 (1.42) |
Social affect CSS | N/A | 6.97 (1.71) | 3.77 (1.69) |
Total CSS | N/A | 7.41 (1.79) | 3.69 (1.32) |
Mullen Scales of Early Learning | |||
Unknown/not reported—total (%) | N/A | 6 (12.2) | 82 (100.0) |
Early learning composite score | N/A | 63.6 (10.12) | 73.85 (15.30) |
Expressive language T-score | N/A | 28.34 (7.56) | 35.23 (10.00) |
Receptive language T-score | N/A | 23.37 (5.60) | 32.46 (12.94) |
Fine motor T score | N/A | 34.24 (10.06) | 39.30 (6.60) |
Visual reception T score | N/A | 33.42 (10.60) | 36.30 (12.03) |
