Fig. 2: Internal and external validation.
From: Large-scale pancreatic cancer detection via non-contrast CT and deep learning
a,b Receiver operating characteristic curves of lesion detection (a) and PDAC identification (b) for the internal and external test cohorts. c, Proportion of PDACs detected by PANDA in terms of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage (left) and TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) stage (right) in the internal test cohort (n = 105) and external test cohort (n = 2,584). d, Sensitivity, specificity and AUC of lesion detection in the external center cohorts (sites A–I, n = 5,337). e, Proportion of different lesion subtypes detected by PANDA in the internal test cohort (n = 175) and external test cohort (n = 3,669). f, Confusion matrices of differential diagnosis in the internal differential diagnosis cohort (left) and external test cohorts (right). c–e, Error bars indicate 95% CI. The center shows the computed mean of the metric specified by its respective axis labels. The results of subgroups with too few samples to be studied reliably (≤10) are omitted and marked as not applicable (n/a).
