Fig. 4: The HBV MTCT rates in compliance and noncompliance groups.

a–d, The HBV MTCT rate in the overall and high-risk groups in the implementation stage (a,b) and in the scale-up stage (c,d) of the SHIELD program. a, In the implementation stage, the overall MTCT rate was 0.16% (19 of 11,577; 95% CI: 0.10–0.26%) among compliant participants and 3.16% (20 of 632; 95% CI: 1.94–4.85%) among noncompliant participants (P < 0.001). b, In the implementation stage, the MTCT rate in the high-risk group was 0.26% (14 of 5,478; 95% CI: 0.14–0.43%) among compliant participants and 3.23% (20 of 619; 95% CI: 1.98–4.95%) among noncompliant participants (P < 0.001). c, In the community scale-up stage, the MTCT rate was 0.03% (1 of 2,901; 95% CI: 0.00–0.19%) among compliant participants and 1.91% (8 of 419; 95% CI: 0.83–3.73%) among noncompliant participants (P < 0.001). d, In the community scale-up stage, the MTCT rate in the high-risk group was 0.23% (1 of 428; 95% CI: 0.01–1.29%) among compliant participants and 1.91% (8 of 419; 95% CI: 0.83–3.73%) among noncompliant participants (P = 0.020). Compliance refers to patients’ compliance with the whole process of HBV mother-to-child prevention management strictly by the following two situations: (1) for patients with HBV DNA ≥200,000 IU ml⁻¹ (defined as a high-risk group), antiviral therapy was initiated at 24–28 weeks gestation, and their newborn completed immunization (including a birth dose of HepB and HBIG within 12 h, and the completion of three doses of HepB); (2) for patients with HBV DNA <200,000 IU ml⁻¹ (defined as low-risk group), their newborns were immunized (including birth dose of HepB and HBIG) within 12 h and completed three doses of HepB. Categorical variables were analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square tests. P values are two-sided.