Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics
From: Dual-energy lattice-tip ablation system for persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial
Characteristic a | Investigational (n = 212) | Control (n = 208) |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67.8 ± 8.3 | 66.7 ± 8.8 |
Sex, male | 139 (65.6%) | 147 (70.7%) |
Race, White or Caucasian | 199 (93.9%) | 199 (95.7%) |
Body mass index (kg m−2) b | 30.0 ± 4.8 | 30.3 ± 4.9 |
Left atrial diameter (mm) c | 43.0 ± 6.1 | 44.0 ± 5.4 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 57.7 ± 7.2 | 55.5 ± 8.0 |
Number of failed class I or class III anti-arrhythmic drugs d | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 |
Prior cardioversion for atrial arrhythmias | ||
Electrical | 146 (68.9%) | 140 (67.3%) |
Pharmacologic | 13 (6.1%) | 15 (7.2%) |
Time from first diagnosis of persistent AF (years) | 1.3 ± 2.6 | 1.3 ± 2.2 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score e | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 2.3 ± 1.4 |
Medical characteristics | ||
Congestive heart failure | 36 (17.0%) | 26 (12.5%) |
Coronary artery disease | 37 (17.5%) | 35 (16.8%) |
Diabetes | 38 (17.9%) | 34 (16.3%) |
Hypertension | 160 (75.5%) | 157 (75.5%) |
Myocardial infarction | 9 (4.2%) | 7 (3.4%) |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 47 (22.2%) | 57 (27.4%) |
Renal disease | 22 (10.4%) | 15 (7.2%) |
Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 16 (7.5%) | 11 (5.3%) |
Baseline medications | ||
Class I anti-arrhythmic drugs | 41 (19.3%) | 39 (18.8%) |
Class II anti-arrhythmic drugs | 102 (48.1%) | 98 (47.1%) |
Class III anti-arrhythmic drugs | 103 (48.6%) | 96 (46.2%) |
Class IV anti-arrhythmic drugs | 26 (12.3%) | 21 (10.1%) |
Direct oral anti-coagulation | 209 (98.6%) | 203 (97.6%) |
