Table 3 Projected impacts of 100 Days Mission vaccination campaigns in response to Lassa-X

From: Health and economic impacts of Lassa vaccination campaigns in West Africa

Outcome averted due to vaccination

Vaccination scenario

2.5% of population vaccinated per year

20% of population vaccinated per year

40% of population vaccinated per year

160-d delay to first dose

100-d delay to first dose

160-d delay to first dose

100-d delay to first dose

160-d delay to first dose

100-d delay to first dose

Vaccine 70% effective only against disease

Lassa-X infections (n)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

Hospitalizations (n)

1.7 K (294.0–3.9 K)

2.1 K (361.5–4.7 K)

13.6 K (2.4 K–31.2 K)

16.6 K (2.9 K–37.3 K)

27.1 K (4.7 K–62.3 K)

33.3 K (5.8 K–74.8 K)

Deaths (n)

281.2 (35.6–811.0)

344.5 (43.9–984.0)

2.2 K (284.6–6.5 K)

2.8 K (350.9–7.9 K)

4.5 K (569.2–13.0 K)

5.5 K (704.9–15.7 K)

DALYs (n)

14.1 K (1.9 K–39.2 K)

17.3 K (2.4 K–47.2 K)

112.9 K (15.4 K–313.3 K)

138.1 K (18.9 K–377.6 K)

225.9 K (30.9 K–626.2 K)

276.6 K (38.0 K–755.9 K)

Impoverishing expenditures (n)

1.2 K (206.2–2.7 K)

1.4 K (255.7–3.2 K)

9.3 K (1.6 K–21.3 K)

11.4 K (2.0 K–25.3 K)

18.7 K (3.3 K–42.7 K)

22.9 K (4.1 K–50.5 K)

Societal costs (2021 $)

11.9 M (1.8 M–31.9 M)

14.6 M (2.2 M–38.8 M)

95.0 M (14.3 M–255.1 M)

116.8 M (17.7 M–310.5 M)

190.0 M (28.6 M–510.0 M)

233.7 M (35.5 M–620.8 M)

Monetized DALYs (2021 $)

2.2 M (325.8 K–6.6 M)

2.7 M (398.8 K–7.9 M)

17.9 M (2.6 M–52.8 M)

21.8 M (3.2 M–63.2 M)

35.8 M (5.3 M–105.8 M)

43.6 M (6.4 M–126.5 M)

VSL (2021 $)

109.8 M (11.3 M–346.3 M)

135.7 M (13.8 M–420.9 M)

878.2 M (90.6 M–2.8 B)

1.1 B (110.3 M–3.4 B)

1.8 B (181.6 M–5.5 B)

2.2 B (221.7 M–6.7 B)

Vaccine 70% effective against infection and disease

Lassa-X infections (n)

141.4 K (27.5 K–323.4 K)

183.8 K (37.3 K–399.2 K)

737.6 K (146.5 K–1.7 M)

916.0 K (189.7 K–2.0 M)

1.0 M (200.5 K–2.3 M)

1.2 M (201.3 K–2.7 M)

Hospitalizations (n)

12.8 K (2.4 K–31.3 K)

16.6 K (3.1 K–38.8 K)

66.1 K (11.6 K–152.2 K)

81.8 K (14.4 K–184.8 K)

93.0 K (15.4 K–214.5 K)

110.5 K (16.8 K–252.3 K)

Deaths (n)

2.1 K (288.7–6.3 K)

2.7 K (380.1–7.9 K)

11.0 K (1.4 K–31.4 K)

13.6 K (1.6 K–38.6 K)

15.4 K (1.8 K–44.6 K)

18.3 K (2.0 K–53.1 K)

DALYs (n)

106.7 K (15.6K–304.9 K)

138.0 K (20.6K–383.0 K)

550.4 K (74.1K–1.5 M)

679.1 K (90.0K–1.9 M)

773.2 K (97.8K–2.1 M)

916.4 K (108.0K–2.6 M)

Impoverishing expenditures (n)

8.8 K (1.7 K–21.9 K)

11.4 K (2.2 K–26.9 K)

45.5 K (8.1 K–105.0 K)

56.2 K (10.0 K–126.9 K)

63.8 K (10.5 K–147.3 K)

75.9 K (11.6 K–173.4 K)

Societal costs (2021 $)

88.8 M (14.4 M–244.5 M)

115.8 M (19.1 M–310.0 M)

464.4 M (69.3 M–1.3 B)

576.9 M (80.4 M–1.6 B)

656.0 M (85.6 M–1.8 B)

782.9 M (91.4 M–2.2 B)

Monetized DALYs (2021 $)

17.0 M (2.6 M–51.6 M)

21.9 M (3.5 M–64.4 M)

88.1 M (12.2 M–267.6 M)

107.9 M (13.9 M–321.8 M)

123.2 M (14.9 M–374.0 M)

144.5 M (16.1 M–429.3 M)

VSL (2021 $)

809.8 M (95.2 M–2.6 B)

1.1 B (126.4 M–3.3 B)

4.3 B (423.4 M–13.8 B)

5.4 B (482.0 M–16.9 B)

6.1 B (518.6 M–19.7 B)

7.3 B (557.3 M–23.5 B)

  1. The health-economic burden of Lassa-X averted due to vaccination, comparing a vaccine 70% effective only against disease (top) with a vaccine 70% effective against both infection and disease (bottom). Columns represent the vaccination scenarios considered, and rows represent the outcomes averted. All figures represent means (95% UIs) across all simulations for the baseline scenario, assuming a 10-fold greater risk of hospitalization relative to Lassa virus infection. Societal costs combine outpatient treatment costs, hospital treatment costs and productivity losses. Costs are reported in 2021 international dollars ($), and future monetary costs are discounted at 3% per year. B, billion; K, thousand; M, million.