Fig. 3: Leading causes of orphanhood incidence among US children in 2021 by race and ethnicity and sex of parent.
From: Orphanhood and caregiver death among children in the United States by all-cause mortality, 2000–2021
a, Estimates of 2021 paternal orphanhood incidence (y axis) by cause of death of fathers (point, number, color) and race and ethnicity (panels) versus differences in incidence rates in 2021 minus those in 2000 (x axis), with positive differences indicating increasing incidence rates and negative differences indicating decreasing incidence rates. The size of the points indicates the contribution of each cause to new cases of orphanhood among US children in 2021. b, The same for 2021 maternal orphanhood incidence by cause of death of mothers. Median estimates are shown (points) and uncertainty ranges are detailed in Supplementary Table 12. The 2021 incidence estimates are based on an average of n = 5,791 sex-, race and ethnicity- and cause-specific mortality records, and an average of n = 610,229 race and ethnicity-specific natality records.
