Extended Data Fig. 4: Age- and sex-specific fertility rates, by standardised race & ethnicity.
From: Orphanhood and caregiver death among children in the United States by all-cause mortality, 2000–2021
Line-list live births data for US mothers aged 15-49 years and corresponding fathers aged 15-77 years were retrieved from the NCHS Vital Statistics portal for each year between 1969 to 2021 (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/vitalstatsonline.htm) for orphanhood estimation. Standardized race and ethnicity categories were attributed as described in Supplementary Table 7 (colour). Prior to 1990, we assumed the same fertility rates in each year in 1966-1989 as in 1990. For comparison, the black lines show national-level fertility rates, which we calculated directly in 1969-1989, and as weighted average of the standardized race and ethnicity-specific fertility rates in 1990-2021. The dashed vertical line represents 1990. In total, n=127,463,725 live birth records from 1990 were included in national orphanhood estimates.
