Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants (N = 1230), n (%), unless otherwise specified
Variable (total respondents) | Overall (N = 1,230) | Provider conditions | Modality conditions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonspecialist provider (n = 617) | Specialist provider (n = 613) | Telemedicine (n = 941) | In-person (n = 289) | ||
Age in years (1,226)a, mean (95% CI) | 33.27 (33.00–33.55) | 33.26 (32.86–33.66) | 33.29 (32.91–33.68) | 33.06 (32.74–33.38) | 33.97 (33.40–34.53) |
Perinatal period at enrollment (1,230)a | |||||
Pregnant | 618 (50.24) | 305 (49.43) | 313 (51.06) | 477 (50.69) | 141 (48.79) |
Postpartum | 612 (49.76) | 312 (50.57) | 300 (48.94) | 464 (49.31) | 148 (51.21) |
Gestational age (1,230) | |||||
Weeks pregnant | 23.72 (23.17–24.27) | 23.79 (23.01–24.57) | 23.65 (22.88–24.43) | 23.95 (23.33–24.57) | 22.94 (21.74–24.15) |
Weeks postpartum | 12.77 (12.20–13.34) | 12.81 (12.01–13.61) | 12.73 (11.91–13.55) | 13.12 (12.46–13.78) | 11.68 (10.54–12.82) |
Race/ethnicity (1,226)a | |||||
American Indian/Alaska Native | 5 (0.41) | 1 (0.16) | 4 (0.66) | 4 (0.43) | 1 (0.35) |
Asian | 209 (17.05) | 114 (18.51) | 95 (15.57) | 160 (17.08) | 49 (16.95) |
Black/African American | 124 (10.11) | 59 (9.58) | 65 (10.66) | 86 (9.18) | 38 (13.15) |
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 4 (0.33) | 2 (0.33) | 2 (0.33) | 2 (0.21) | 2 (0.69) |
White | 614 (50.08) | 311 (50.49) | 303 (49.67) | 473 (50.48) | 141 (48.79) |
Multi-race | 100 (8.16) | 44 (7.14) | 56 (9.18) | 79 (8.43) | 21 (7.27) |
Hispanic (Latino/Latina) | 101 (8.24) | 48 (7.79) | 53 (8.69) | 77 (8.22) | 24 (8.30) |
Other | 35 (2.85) | 19 (3.08) | 16 (2.62) | 29 (3.09) | 6 (2.08) |
Prefer not to answer | 34 (2.77) | 18 (2.92) | 16 (2.62) | 27 (2.88) | 7 (2.42) |
Born in country of current residence (1,226)a | 860 (70.15) | 433 (70.29) | 427 (70.00) | 653 (69.69) | 207 (71.63) |
Private health benefits (948)b ∆ | 654 (68.99) | 327 (69.13) | 327 (68.84) | 466 (69.45) | 188 (67.87) |
Marital status (1,226)a | |||||
Married or stable relationship | 1052 (85.81) | 528 (85.71) | 524 (85.90) | 806 (86.02) | 246 (85.12) |
Single | 94 (7.67) | 47 (7.63) | 47 (7.70) | 71 (7.58) | 23 (7.96) |
Dating | 41 (3.34) | 19 (3.08) | 22 (3.61) | 31 (3.31) | 10 (3.46) |
Other | 21 (1.71) | 11 (1.79) | 10 (1.64) | 14 (1.49) | 7 (2.42) |
Prefer not to answer | 18 (1.47) | 11 (1.79) | 7 (1.15) | 15 (1.60) | 3 (1.04) |
Gender identity (1,173)b | |||||
Cis-woman | 1,168 (99.57) | 585 (99.32) | 583 (99.83) | 881 (99.44) | 287 (100) |
Sexual orientation (1,173)b | |||||
Straight/heterosexual | 1,073 (91.47) | 531 (90.15) | 542 (92.81) | 810 (91.42) | 263 (91.64) |
Bisexual | 71 (6.05) | 42 (7.13) | 29 (4.97) | 52 (5.87) | 19 (6.62) |
Other | 7 (0.60) | 3 (0.51) | 4 (0.68) | 6 (0.68) | 1 (0.35) |
Prefer not to answer | 22 (1.88) | 13 (2.21) | 9 (1.54) | 18 (2.03) | 4 (1.39) |
Highest level of education completed (1,226)a | |||||
University degree | 859 (70.07) | 432 (70.13) | 427 (70.00) | 655 (69.90) | 204 (70.59) |
College/trade school | 216 (17.62) | 104 (16.88) | 112 (18.36) | 161 (17.18) | 55 (19.03) |
High school or less | 141 (11.50) | 76 (12.34) | 65 (10.66) | 112 (11.95) | 29 (10.03) |
Prefer not to answer | 10 (0.81) | 4 (0.65) | 6 (0.98) | 9 (0.96) | 1 (0.35) |
Employment (1,226)a | |||||
Full time | 484 (39.48) | 238 (38.64) | 246 (40.33) | 366 (39.06) | 118 (40.83) |
Maternity leave | 353 (28.79) | 182 (29.55) | 171 (28.03) | 268 (28.60) | 85 (29.41) |
Part time | 111 (9.05) | 53 (8.60) | 58 (9.51) | 83 (8.86) | 28 (9.69) |
Not employed | 260 (21.21) | 133 (21.59) | 127 (20.82) | 207 (22.09) | 53 (18.34) |
Other | 18 (1.47) | 10 (1.62) | 8 (1.31) | 13 (1.39) | 5 (1.73) |
Annual income (US$) based on zip code (1,138), mean (95% CI) | 43,165.59 (42,236.47–44,094.70) | 43,318.76 (41,946.93– 44,690.58) | 43,016.14 (41,756.00– 44,276.28) | 43,493.40 (42,390.31–44,596.48) | 42,141.77 (40,460.83– 43,822.72) |
Nulliparous (1,226)a | 668 (54.49) | 333 (54.06) | 335 (54.92) | 524 (55.92) | 144 (49.83) |
COVID-19 exposure (1,064)b | 31 (2.91) | 16 (2.98) | 15 (2.85) | 22 (2.80) | 9 (3.25) |
Self-reported history of depression/anxiety (1,226)a | 1,051 (85.73) | 528 (85.71) | 523 (85.74) | 805 (85.91) | 246 (85.12) |
Psychotropic medication use at baseline (1,226)c | 288 (23.49) | 138 (22.40) | 150 (24.59) | 227 (24.12) | 61 (21.40) |
Pregnancy conditions during current pregnancy (≥1) (1,075)b | 265 (24.65) | 125 (23.06) | 140 (26.27) | 192 (24.06) | 73 (26.35) |
Preeclampsia | 52 (4.84) | 27 (4.98) | 25 (4.69) | 36 (4.51) | 16 (5.78) |
Gestational hypertension | 127 (11.81) | 66 (12.18) | 61 (11.44) | 82 (10.28) | 45 (16.25) |
Gestational diabetes | 121 (11.26) | 56 (10.33) | 65 (12.20) | 85 (10.65) | 36 (13.00) |
Preterm labor | 69 (6.42) | 30 (5.54) | 39 (7.32) | 51 (6.39) | 18 (6.50) |
Symptom scores at baseline | |||||
Depressive symptoms (EPDS) Total (0–30), mean (95% CI) | 15.77 (15.56–15.99) | 15.64 (15.34–15.94) | 15.91 (15.60–16.22) | 15.80 (15.55–16.04) | 15.70 (15.25–16.15) |
Anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) Total (0–21) mean (95% CI) | 11.85 (11.58–12.12) | 11.94 (11.57–12.31) | 11.75 (11.35–12.16) | 11.82 (11.51–12.14) | 11.93 (11.38–12.49) |
Modality preference at baseline (1,203)b | |||||
Telemedicine | 747 (62.09) | – | – | – | – |
In-person | 190 (15.79) | – | – | – | – |
No preference | 266 (22.11) | – | – | – | – |
Provider preference at baseline (1,203)b | |||||
Specialist provider | 730 (60.68) | – | – | – | – |
Nonspecialist provider | 22 (1.83) | – | – | – | – |
No preference | 451 (37.49) | – | – | – | – |
