Extended Data Fig. 3: Age gaps across longitudinal visits.

a, Longitudinal proteomics data from a subset of 1,176 individuals were analyzed (880 baseline, 843 Instance 2, and 786 Instance 3 samples). Longitudinal data were available only on the 1.5k-protein Olink assay, so new aging models trained on the 1.5k-assay were developed. New aging models were trained on 44,406 samples without longitudinal data and tested on non-imputed samples with longitudinal data. Only 1.5k-aging models with age estimates that were correlated r > 0.8 with 3k-based age estimates were included for downstream analyses. Correlation between baseline and Instance 2 age gaps are shown. b, Bar plot showing fractions of baseline extreme agers and non-extreme agers that are extreme agers in the same organ in Instance 2. Equivalent plot for youthful agers is shown on the right. c, Age gaps were grouped into bins of 0.5 standard deviation to determine changes in age gap bins across visits. Individual trajectories across visits for extreme immune agers are shown. Equivalent plot for youthful immune agers is shown at the bottom. d, Pie chart showing percent distribution of immune age gap bins in Instance 2 and Instance 3 for individuals who are extreme immune agers at baseline. Equivalent plot for youthful immune agers is shown at the bottom. e, Stacked bar plot showing percent distribution of age gap bins in Instance 2 and Instance 3 for individuals who are extreme agers at baseline. Equivalent plot for youthful agers is shown at the bottom.