Extended Data Fig. 7: Geographic concentration of disease burden across diseases.
From: Global distribution of research efforts, disease burden, and impact of US public funding withdrawal
The left panel shows Herfindahl-Hirschman Indices (HHI) capturing the regional concentration of disease burden by disease category. Higher HHI values indicate greater geographic concentration. For example, neglected tropical diseases and malaria have the highest concentration (HHI > 0.6), followed by HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (HHI ≈ 0.6). Diseases shown in green exceed the global average concentration (indicated by the vertical dashed line) and are classified as ‘local’ diseases, while those in red fall below the average and are classified as ‘global’ diseases. The right panel decomposes these HHI values by geographic region. For instance, nearly 80% of the burden from neglected tropical diseases and malaria is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa.
