Table 2 Sensitivity analyses for the baseline physical activity and Aβ interaction on longitudinal tau and cognitive decline

	ITC tau			PACC5			CDR-SOB
	n	Estimate	P value	n	Estimate	P value	n	Estimate	P value
Primary analyses	172	−0.13 [−0.19 to −0.06]	<0.001	296	0.10 [0.05 to 0.16]	<0.001	296	−0.14 [−0.22 to −0.05]	0.001
Sensitivity analyses
Excluding days under 1,000 steps	161	−0.10 [−0.16 to −0.04]	<0.001	280	0.10 [0.04 to 0.15]	<0.001	280	−0.13 [−0.21 to −0.05]	0.002
Using non-PVC PET data	172	−0.09 [−0.15 to −0.03]	0.006	296	0.10 [0.04 to 0.16]	<0.001	296	−0.14 [−0.22 to −0.06]	<0.001
Including only age <70	87	−0.27 [−0.36 to −0.18]	<0.001	124	0.24 [0.16 to 0.32]	<0.001	124	−0.36 [−0.45 to −0.27]	<0.001
Adjusting for season, self-reported physical activity, FHS-CVD, and GDS	130	−0.10 [−0.17 to −0.04]	0.003	244	0.10 [0.04 to 0.16]	<0.001	244	−0.13 [−0.22 to −0.04]	0.003
Excluding mild cognitive impairment within 2 years	171	−0.12 [−0.18 to −0.05]	<0.001	280	0.10 [0.04 to 0.16]	<0.001	280	−0.11 [−0.19 to −0.02]	0.01
Adjusting for baseline outcome measure	172	−0.08 [−0.13 to −0.02]	0.007	296	0.10 [0.04 to 0.16]	<0.001	296	−0.14 [−0.22 to −0.06]	<0.001

Sensitivity analyses were conducted using linear mixed effects models to examine the robustness of our primary findings of significant interactions between baseline physical activity (continuous) and Aβ (continuous) on longitudinal ITC tau, PACC5 and CDR-SOB. All models adjusted for age, sex, education, their interactions with time and any additional covariates specified for the respective sensitivity analysis. All models included random intercepts and slopes. Statistical significance of the Physical activity × Aβ × Time interaction was assessed using two-tailed t-tests, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant without adjustment for multiple comparisons. FHS-CVD, office-based Framingham Heart Study cardiovascular disease risk; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale.

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