Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics
Baseline characteristics (n, %) | Real TNS (n = 75) | Sham TNS (n = 75) | Overall (n = 150) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean, s.d.) | 12.6 (2.8) | 12.6 (2.8) | 12.6 (2.8) |
Age (categorized per randomization stratifier) | |||
8−13.5 years | 43 (57.3) | 43 (57.3) | 86 (57.3) |
13.6−19 years | 32 (42.7) | 32 (42.7) | 64 (42.7) |
Child sex at birth | |||
Male | 49 (65.3) | 48 (64.0) | 97 (64.7) |
Female | 26 (34.7) | 27 (36.0) | 53 (35.3) |
ADHD diagnosis per K-SADS | |||
Combined presentation | 66 (88.0) | 67 (89.3) | 133 (88.7) |
Inattentive presentation | 8 (10.7) | 8 (10.7) | 16 (10.7) |
Hyperactive/impulsive presentation | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) |
Oppositional disorder per K-SADS | 26 (34.7) | 28 (37.3) | 54 (36.0) |
Conduct disorder per K-SADS | 4 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.7) |
Current stimulant medication status | |||
On stable medication | 29 (38.7) | 30 (40.0) | 59 (39.3) |
Off medication/naive | 46 (61.3) | 45 (60.0) | 91 (60.7) |
WASI FSIQ-4 score (mean (s.d.)) | 105.5 (13.8) | 109.8 (13.5) | 107.6 (13.8) |
Child ethnicity | |||
White | 61 (81.3) | 58 (77.3) | 119 (79.3) |
Black, African, Caribbean or Black British | 4 (5.3) | 1 (1.3) | 5 (3.3) |
Asian or Asian British | 2 (2.7) | 5 (6.7) | 7 (4.7) |
Mixed or multiple ethnic groups | 6 (8.0) | 9 (12.0) | 15 (10.0) |
Other ethnic groups | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.7) | 4 (2.7) |
Handedness | |||
Right handed | 60 (80.0) | 52 (69.3) | 112 (74.7) |
Left/mixed handed | 15 (20) | 23 (30.6) | 38 (50.6) |
Index of Multiple Deprivation (mean (s.d.)) | 6.5 (2.8) | 6.8 (2.6) | 6.7 (2.7) |
Site | |||
King’s College London | 54 (72.0) | 57 (76.0) | 111 (74.0) |
University of Southampton | 21 (28.0) | 18 (24.0) | 39 (26.0) |
