Extended Data Fig. 1: Box plots of pain scores on postoperative day 1 per procedure and study arm.

Box plots of pain scores on postoperative day 1 per procedure in the opioid-free prescription (OFP) arm (A) and the restrictive opioid prescription (ROP) arm (B). The box represents the (interquartile range (IQR), spanning the 25th to 75th percentiles. The horizontal line within each box indicates the median. No significant difference in distribution was found between groups. Sample size: n = 103. Wilcoxon rank-sum nonparametric test was applied, using a two-sided p-value of <0.05 as statistically significant.