Table 1 Baseline characteristicsa

From: Liraglutide in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a phase 2b clinical trial

IQR, interquartile range

Placebo (n = 102)

Treatment (n = 102)

Total (n = 204)

P value (placebo versus treatment)

Female sex (no. (%))

39 (38)

42 (41)

81 (40)

0.6680

Age (years)b

72.5 ± 7.0

70.6 ± 8.4

71.5 ± 7.8

0.0808

Education (years)

12.9 ± 3.0

13.1 ± 4.2

13.0 ± 3.7

0.6960

MMSE scoreb,c

23.4 ± 3.6

23.7 ± 3.5

23.5 ± 3.6

0.5469

ADAS-Cog 13 scored

31.9 ± 9.3

31.6 ± 10.3

31.8 ± 9.8

0.8274

CDR-SoB scoree

3.6 ± 1.8

3.7 ± 1.9

3.7 ± 1.9

0.7000

ADCS-ADL scoref

66.1 ± 9.7

66.5 ± 9.5

66.3 ± 9.5

0.7664

Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)

7.5 ± 9.0

10.2 ± 12.5

8.9 ± 10.9

0.0783

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)

5.5 ± 4.4

5.4 ± 4.0

5.4 ± 4.2

0.8653

Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)

11.5 ± 4.9

9.8 ± 4.2

10.7 ± 4.6

0.0084

Category Fluency Test (CFT)

10.5 ± 4.8

10.3 ± 5.5

10.4 ± 5.1

0.7823

Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A) score

71.2 ± 52.3

78.2 ± 58.0

74.8 ± 55.3

0.3664

Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B) score

148.8 ± 78.4

149.0 ± 80.6

148.9 ± 79.3

0.9857

Wechsler Digit Span Forward (WDS-F) score

8.8 ± 2.2

8.0 ± 2.4

8.4 ± 2.3

0.0139

Wechsler Digit Span Backward (WDS-B) score

5.3 ± 2.3

5.0 ± 2.2

5.1 ± 2.3

0.3423

Insulin (median (IQR))

6.2 (4.1−8.7)

6.9 (4.4−9.1)

6.5 (4.2−9.1)

0.3400

Lipase (U l−1) (median (IQR))

40.5 (34.0−53.0)

46.0 (33.0−68.5)

43.0 (34.0−60.0)

0.002

Amylase (U l−1)

80.1 ± 50.3

80.7 ± 58.3

80.4 ± 54.3

0.9374

  1. aThe data in the table are based on the baseline visit data unless the variable was part of the exclusion/inclusion criteria or recorded only at screening.
  2. bMMSE scores and age are inclusion criteria and stratification variables; these values were recorded at screening to ensure that there were no missing values.
  3. cMMSE scores range from 0 to 30; lower scores indicate poorer cognitive performance.
  4. dScores on the 13-item cognitive subscale of the ADAS (ADAS-Cog 13). Scores range from 0 to 85; higher scores indicate greater deficit.
  5. eCDR-SoB; higher score indicates greater severity of dementia (range, 0−18).
  6. fADCS-ADL; lower score indicates greater severity (range, 0−52).
  7. NPI is the total score of 12 individual domains that ranges from 0 to 144. Higher scores indicate more behavioral disturbance.
  8. GDS is a 30-question long-form questionnaire ranging from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.
  9. COWAT is a measure of verbal fluency. Each participant score is the mean of the number of acceptable answers given.
  10. CFT participant score is the total acceptable words named and is scored by how long participants take to complete the test. Participantsʼ time was capped at 240 seconds.
  11. In the WDS test, participants are asked to repeat a sequence of numbers in order and in reverse. Higher scores indicate better performance.
  12. A two-sided Student’s t-test was used to compare between the placebo and treatment groups except for sex, where a chi-squared test was used. An unadjusted P < 0.05 was considered significant.
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