PD-1 blockade reprograms both innate and adaptive immunity in people living with HIV and cancer, inducing interferon-driven antiviral responses that reduce the HIV reservoir. A pre-existing type I interferon signature predicts reservoir decline, whereas high TGFβ signaling opposes it, defining immune states that influence the outcome of PD-1 therapy.
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References
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This is a summary of: Talla, A. et al. Innate antiviral and immune functions associated with the HIV reservoir decay after anti-PD-1 therapy. Nat. Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04139-y (2026).
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PD-1 blockade reprograms antiviral immunity and reduces the HIV reservoir. Nat Med 32, 425–426 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04152-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04152-1
