Table 1 Distribution of baseline covariates across three trial groups

From: An LLM chatbot to facilitate primary-to-specialist care transitions: a randomized controlled trial

Characteristic

Total

PreA-only

Pre-human

No-PreA

P valuea

No. of participants

2,069

691

689

689

 

Age, years, mean ± s.d.

47.6 ± 14.6

47.2 ± 14.4

47.7 ± 14.9

47.8 ± 14.6

0.717

Sex, n (%)

    

0.134

 Female

1,141 (55.1)

382 (55.3)

361 (52.4)

398 (57.8)

 

 Male

928 (44.9)

309 (44.7)

328 (47.6)

291 (42.2)

 

Ethnicity, n (%)

    

0.857

 Han

1,929 (93.2)

647 (93.6)

640 (92.9)

642 (93.2)

 

 Other racesb

140 (6.8)

44 (6.4)

49 (7.1)

47 (6.8)

 

Participant type, n (%)

    

0.375

 Patients

1,620 (78.3)

529 (76.6)

543 (78.8)

548 (79.5)

 

 Care partners

449 (21.7)

162 (23.4)

146 (21.2)

141 (20.5)

 

Education, n (%)

    

0.956

 Primary school or below

313 (15.1)

100 (14.5)

108 (15.7)

105 (15.2)

 

 High school

1,073 (51.9)

363 (52.5)

358 (52.0)

352 (51.1)

 

 College or above

683 (33.0)

228 (33.0)

223 (32.4)

232 (33.7)

 

Work status, n (%)

    

0.526

 Employed

1,188 (57.4)

400 (57.9)

390 (56.6)

398 (57.8)

 

 Retired

346 (16.7)

115 (16.6)

107 (15.5)

124 (18.0)

 

 Unemployed

535 (25.9)

176 (25.5)

192 (27.9)

167 (24.2)

 

Incomec, RMB/month, n (%)

    

0.148

 <2,000

770 (37.2)

250 (36.2)

257 (37.3)

263 (38.2)

 

 2,000–5,000

845 (40.8)

296 (42.8)

292 (42.4)

257 (37.3)

 

 >5,000

454 (21.9)

145 (21.0)

140 (20.3)

169 (24.5)

 

Medical discipline, n (%)

    

0.951

 Medical

1,186 (57.3)

401 (58.0)

394 (57.2)

391 (56.7)

 

 Surgical

558 (27.0)

178 (25.8)

186 (27.0)

194 (28.2)

 

 Med-surgd

194 (9.4)

65 (9.4)

64 (9.3)

65 (9.4)

 

 Pediatric

131 (6.3)

47 (6.8)

45 (6.5)

39 (5.7)

 

Study setting, n (%)e

    

0.737

 Guilin

1,457 (70.4)

488 (70.6)

478 (69.4)

491 (71.3)

 

 Gansu

612 (29.6)

203 (29.4)

211 (30.6)

198 (28.7)

 
  1. aP value for statistical significance was calculated among the three interventional groups, using a two-tailed one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and a chi-squared test for categorical variables.
  2. bOther races include Zhuang, Yao and Hui.
  3. cincluded income from an office, employment on a full-time, part-time or casual basis, or a pension from former employment.
  4. dMed-Surg represents the department that provides both medical and surgical interventions for patients.
  5. eThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College.
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