Extended Data Fig. 1: Principal cortical venules in relation to other penetrating vessel types in mouse sensory cortex.

a. Light-sheet imaging data showing dorsal view of a mouse brain with arterioles labeled (α-SMA and Sm22). The dotted yellow square marks the region of interest (ROI), centered on the primary somatosensory cortex, used for analysis of the number and penetration depths of cortical penetrating vessels. b. Maximum projection images showing the side view of the ROI defined by the white dotted lines in panel (a), with labeling of cortical arterioles by Acta-2 and Sm22 (upper panel) and all blood vessels by lectin (lower panel). Pial penetration points of arterioles and venules are marked with arrows. c. Side projection of analyzed volume with colored circles marking the intracortical termination points of different penetrating vessel types. The inset on the right shows an enlarged volume denoted by a white square, with a venule termination point marked by a cyan circle. d. Plot of the average number of penetrating vessel types within the ROIs. N = 4 adult mice. Data shown as mean ± SD. e. Plot of the intracortical termination depth of different penetrating vessel types. Each dot corresponds to a single vessel. Gray dotted line shows approximate depth of gray-white matter transition. N = 218, 422, and 13 vessels for arterioles, other venules, and PCVs, respectively, collected over 4 adult mice.