Table 4 Summary of the candidate features generated.

Spectral features

EVI\NIRv\NDPI\GCVI\SAVI\LSWI\CIVE\WI\ExG\NGRDI\B5\B6\B7\B11\B12

min, max, std, and 15\50\90^th percentile

15 × 6

^47,64

Phenological features

Start of season (SOS), growing-season length (GSL),

median method

2

⁶⁵

phenological feature of winter wheat extracted from peak before winter

1

⁶⁶

Elevation features

elevation\slope

2

^12,17,24