Table 9 SPARQL query and the result of the proof-of-concept use case for getting the distribution of patients by sub-concepts of ’sex’.

(a) SPARQL query

prefix skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

prefix umls: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/

prefix fhir: http://hl7.org/fhir/

SELECT ?umls_o (COUNT(?umls_o) AS ?count)

WHERE {

?s ?p ?o .

# Ensure it is 'sex'-related concept.

umls:sex skos:narrowMatch* ?p .

?umls_o skos:narrowMatch* ?o .

# Specify the sub-group of 'sex' concepts

FILTER (?umls_o in (umls:male, umls:female)) .

}

GROUP BY ?umls_o

umls_o

count

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/male

4

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/female

7