Table 5 Correction factors for each Köppen-Geiger climate classification with summaries of errors between observed VPD (VPD_AMF) and VPD scaled by KG climate.

KG code	median	mean	1 s.d.	MBE	MAE	RMSE	uRMSE	r_P
BWh	0.498	0.476	0.163	−0.034	0.352	0.451	0.450	0.924
BWk	0.584	0.592	0.209	−0.014	0.265	0.362	0.362	0.930
BSh	0.439	0.428	0.156	0.013	0.357	0.494	0.493	0.848
BSk	0.495	0.495	0.171	−0.045	0.254	0.347	0.343	0.925
Csa	0.356	0.381	0.168	−0.040	0.279	0.395	0.393	0.840
Csb	0.404	0.400	0.205	−0.055	0.158	0.233	0.227	0.930
Cwa	0.429	0.465	0.433	−0.014	0.250	0.326	0.325	0.327
Cfa	0.397	0.433	0.271	−0.023	0.220	0.301	0.300	0.758
Cfb	0.273	0.281	0.199	−0.058	0.119	0.201	0.192	0.913
Dsa	0.367	0.368	0.160	−0.125	0.280	0.434	0.415	0.929
Dsb	0.520	0.571	0.264	0.030	0.156	0.220	0.218	0.951
Dwb	0.515	0.631	0.727	−0.041	0.257	0.342	0.339	0.800
Dfa	0.400	0.440	0.292	−0.167	0.151	0.223	0.222	0.847
Dfb	0.398	0.440	1.107	−0.015	0.145	0.212	0.211	0.852
Dfc	0.504	0.580	1.452	−0.023	0.125	0.177	0.175	0.883
ET	0.567	1.259	19.181	−0.024	0.116	0.161	0.160	0.842

Statistics include mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), unbiased RMSE (uRMSE), and the Pearson correlation coefficient. We applied the median correction factors in the generation of the VPD maps.

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