Fig. 13

The standard deviation (the first column) of salinity measurements (units: g/kg) in each 1° by 1° grid in the CODC-S dataset with a spatial nine-points move median at different represented depth: 20 m, 300 m, and 1000 m: (The first column) using all QC passed data from CODC-QC-S (flag = 0); (The second column) using all raw data without performing any QC (the gross error data and missing values like ‘99.99 or 9999’ are removed to avoid absurd results). In comparison, the standard deviation of the statistical mean of salinity from WOA23¹⁸ (‘All years’ climatology) with a spatial nine-points move median are shown in the last column.