Fig. 4
Validation of the model-based reconstruction of upper range limit of trees using dendrochronological reconstruction at the century scale and fossil pollen abundance records from lake sediments during the Holocene period. (a) Spatial distribution of the dendrochronological-reconstructed shifts in upper range limit of trees over the past century and six lakes containing Holocene fossil pollen records. The background terrain obtained from ArcGIS basemap dataset. (b) the model-data comparison at sites with and without trees reaching the thermal treeline. (c) The comparison between pollen-based reconstruction of upper range limit of trees at each lake site during the Holocene. The green shading represents pollen-derived arboreal pollen percentage (see Methods).
