Fig. 2

An overview of the composition of the GROW-Africa database. In total, GROW-Africa38 contains n = 535,844 geo-referenced observations of historical crop yields in Africa, spanning 25 crops: banana, barley, beans, cassava, coffee, cotton, cowpea, fonio, groundnut, maize, millet, okra, pigeon pea, potato, rice, sesame, sorghum, soyabean, sugar cane, sweet potato, taro, teff, tobacco, wheat, and yam. National (country-level) data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)39 represent a small fraction (2.2%) of the database. Most of the database represents sub-national government statistics (34.6%), farmer survey data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS)41 (36.4%), and other local (farm-scale) data (26.7%), principally from the One Acre Fund16.