Fig. 1

T-cell receptor sequencing pipeline. Peripheral blood was drawn from 216 samples, total RNA was isolated, and TCRα/β genes were amplified by PCR. After library preparation and Illumina sequencing, FASTQ files underwent quality control and processing to identify clonotypes. Metadata, including TNM labels, was then added to yield the final dataset of 200 samples and ~1.49 million TCR sequences for subsequent analyses.