Fig. 1

Phylogeny and overview of individuals from each of the clades. Orangutans (Pongo): Sumatran = P. abelii; Tapanuli = P. tapanuliensis; Bornean = P. pygmaeus. Gorillas (Gorilla): Western lowland gorilla (WLG) = G. gorilla gorilla; Cross-river gorilla (CRG) = G. gorilla diehli; Mountain gorilla (MG) = G. beringei beringei; Eastern lowland gorilla (ELG) = G. beringei graueri. Chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan): Bonobo = P. paniscus; Central chimpanzee = P. troglodytes troglodytes; Eastern chimpanzee = P. troglodytes schweinfurthii; Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (NC) = P. troglodytes ellioti; Western chimpanzee = P. troglodytes verus. Divergence times in million years ago (Mya) from previous studies. Numbers of individuals as reference panel plus (+) captive panel.