Table 4 Results of multi-model training on the MBDD2025 dataset.
From: A dataset of building surface defects collected by UAVs for machine learning-based detection
Model | \({{\bf{mAP}}}_{{\bf{0.5}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{mAP}}}_{{\bf{0.5:0.95}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | Crack | Leakage | Abscission | Corrosion | Bulge | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5:o.95}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5:0.95}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5:0.95}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5:0.95}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | \({{\bf{AP}}}_{{\bf{0.5:0.95}}}^{{\bf{test}}}\)↑ | |||
YOLOv5-n16 | 86.3% | 48% | 76% | 35.3% | 95.7% | 57.3% | 82% | 44.2% | 86.9% | 47.4% | 90.7% | 56% |
YOLOv5-s16 | 89% | 51.4% | 80.2% | 38% | 96.4% | 59.6% | 84.4% | 46.7% | 88% | 49.3% | 96.1% | 63.3% |
YOLOv5-m16 | 89.3% | 52% | 81.1% | 38.7% | 96.7% | 60.1% | 84.9% | 47.7% | 87.7% | 49.2% | 95.9% | 64.5% |
YOLOv5-l16 | 89.4% | 52.5% | 80.6% | 38.6% | 96.8% | 59.7% | 85.3% | 48.1% | 87.1% | 48.5% | 97.2% | 67.3% |
YOLOv5-x16 | 89.3% | 52.7% | 80% | 38.2% | 97.2% | 60.5% | 85.1% | 48.2% | 87.2% | 48.8% | 97% | 67.8% |
YOLOv6-n17 | 78% | 40.5% | 65.4% | 27.7% | 93.3% | 52.8% | 73.3% | 36.7% | 81.4% | 41% | 76.8% | 44% |
YOLOv6-s17 | 81.8% | 43.3% | 71.4% | 31.3% | 95.1% | 54.4% | 76.7% | 39.2% | 83.8% | 43.3% | 82.2% | 48.5% |
YOLOv6-m17 | 82.1% | 43.3% | 70.1% | 30.3% | 94.6% | 54.7% | 77.3% | 40% | 84% | 42.6% | 84.2% | 49.1% |
YOLOv6-l17 | 85% | 46.7% | 75.9% | 34.3% | 95.6% | 56.7% | 80.5% | 42.7% | 85.6% | 45.7% | 87.5% | 53.9% |
YOLOv721 | 89.6% | 50% | 81% | 36.6% | 96.2% | 56.3% | 85.3% | 46.5% | 87.6% | 46.7% | 98.1% | 63.8% |
YOLOv7-t21 | 87.2% | 45.4% | 76.8% | 32.7% | 95.6% | 53.7% | 82.8% | 42.4% | 86.5% | 43.8% | 94.2% | 54.3% |
YOLOv7-x21 | 89.7% | 50.3% | 81.3% | 37% | 95.9% | 56.4% | 85% | 46.5% | 87.3% | 47.3% | 98.9% | 64.5% |
YOLOv8-n18 | 86.7% | 48.6% | 77.9% | 36.1% | 95.8% | 57.7% | 82.8% | 44.9% | 87.1% | 47%% | 89.8% | 57.2% |
YOLOv8-s18 | 89.2% | 51.6% | 81.2% | 38.3% | 96.8% | 59.9% | 84.6% | 47.2% | 88% | 48.8% | 95.3% | 63.9% |
YOLOv8-m18 | 89.4% | 52.4% | 81.5% | 38.8% | 96.8% | 59.9% | 84.8% | 47.9% | 87.9% | 49.2% | 95.9% | 66.4% |
YOLOv8-l18 | 89.3% | 52.3% | 80.3% | 38.5% | 96.5% | 59.9% | 84.5% | 47.6% | 87.7% | 48.9% | 97.3% | 66.7% |
YOLOv8-x18 | 89.4% | 52.6% | 81% | 38.7% | 96.8% | 60.6% | 85.3% | 48.1% | 87.7% | 48.4% | 96.4% | 67.2% |
YOLOv9-t22 | 86.5% | 48.9% | 77.7% | 35.8% | 96.2% | 58.5% | 81.8% | 44.9% | 86.9% | 47.8% | 90.2% | 57.6% |
YOLOv9-s22 | 89% | 51.7% | 80.1% | 38.3% | 96.6% | 60.1% | 84.4% | 47.3% | 88% | 49% | 95.7% | 63.8% |
YOLOv9-m22 | 89.7% | 52.9% | 81.2% | 39.2% | 96.9% | 60.9% | 85.1% | 48.1% | 88.4% | 49.5% | 96.8% | 66.9% |
YOLOv9-c22 | 89.4% | 52.6% | 80.4% | 38.5% | 96.8% | 60.4% | 85.4% | 47.9% | 87.1% | 48.6% | 97.5% | 67.6% |
YOLOv9-e22 | 89.1% | 52.1% | 80.3% | 37.8% | 96.7% | 60% | 84.4% | 47.7% | 87.2% | 48.1% | 96.7% | 66.8% |
YOLOv10-n20 | 86.1% | 48.3% | 76.5% | 35.4% | 95.1% | 57.4% | 81.1% | 43.7% | 84.8% | 46.2% | 92.9% | 59% |
YOLOv10-s20 | 88.5% | 51.7% | 79.7% | 38.1% | 96.1% | 59.4% | 83.8% | 47.1% | 87.4% | 48.1% | 95.3% | 65.7% |
YOLOv10-m20 | 89% | 52.6% | 80.6% | 38.8% | 96.7% | 60.7% | 84.9% | 47.9% | 86.2% | 48.3% | 96.6% | 67.3% |
YOLOv10-l20 | 88.1% | 50% | 78.5% | 36.6% | 95.8% | 58.3% | 83.3% | 46.6% | 87.6% | 48.1% | 95.1% | 60.5% |
YOLOv10-x20 | 89.3% | 52.8% | 80.1% | 38.6% | 96.5% | 60.3% | 85.3% | 48.2% | 87% | 48.8% | 97.5% | 68.1% |
YOLOv10-b20 | 89.1% | 52.3% | 80.4% | 38.7% | 96.8% | 60.4% | 84.7% | 47.6% | 87% | 48.3% | 96.6% | 66.6% |
YOLO11-n19 | 87.5% | 49.3% | 78.9% | 36.3% | 96.2% | 58.5% | 83.4% | 45.5% | 86.3% | 47.6% | 92.9% | 58.7% |
YOLO11-s19 | 89.3% | 52.2% | 81.7% | 38.5% | 96.8% | 60.4% | 84.6% | 47.5% | 87% | 49.1% | 96.4% | 65.4% |
YOLO11-m19 | 89.3% | 52.8% | 81.1% | 38.9% | 97.2% | 60.8% | 85.2% | 48.1% | 87% | 49.1% | 96.1% | 67% |
YOLO11-l19 | 89.4% | 52.9% | 80.8% | 39% | 97.1% | 61.1% | 85.3% | 48.2% | 87.2% | 49% | 96.4% | 67.1% |
YOLO11-x19 | 89.7% | 53.3% | 81.1% | 39.3% | 97% | 60.8% | 85.6% | 48.8% | 87.7% | 49.5% | 97.1% | 68.1% |
Faster R-CNN*30 | 83.9% | 42.4% | 73.6% | 29.9% | 92.7% | 50.1% | 82.2% | 42.3% | 83.6% | 40.8% | 87.6% | 49% |
Faster R-CNN#29 | 82.9% | 41.1% | 71.6% | 29% | 92.2% | 49.4% | 80.7% | 41.1% | 83.7% | 41.1% | 86.2% | 44.7% |
