Fig. 2

Comparison of three-dimensional (3D) printed models and 3D reconstructed images of the inferior mesenteric artery and vein (IMA/IMV) and their surrounding organs with enhanced computed tomography (CT) images and intraoperative photographs, demonstrating the excellent accuracy of 3D reconstruction images and 3D-printed models. (A) 3D-printed model of IMA Type I; (B) 3D reconstructed image of IMA Type I; (C) Intraoperative real anatomical photograph of IMA Type I; (D) Enhanced CT image of IMA Type I (Axial). (E) 3D-printed model of IMA Type II; (F) 3D reconstructed image of IMA Type II; (G) Intraoperative real anatomical photograph of IMA Type II; (H) Enhanced CT image of IMA Type II (Axial). (I) 3D-printed model of IMA Type III; (J) 3D reconstructed image of IMA Type III; (K) Intraoperative real anatomical photograph of IMA Type III; (L) Enhanced CT image of IMA Type III (Axial). Red represents arteries, and blue represents veins.