Abstract
Trissolcus cultratus, a parasitoid wasp of brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), exhibits divergent parasitic capacities between Chinese and Swiss populations, with Chinese strains successfully reproducing on fresh and cold storage host eggs in both laboratory and field conditions, while Swiss strains fail to develop in fresh BMSB egg. We sequenced and assembled the first T. cultratus transcriptome, a total of 184,932,102 and 195,101,432 clean reads from the Chinese and Swiss strains, respectively, were de novo assembled into 19,280 and 16,322 unigenes. These assemblies predicted 9,811 and 9,582 protein-coding genes for the two strains. Among the 19,280 and 16,322 unigenes, we further identified 554 and 557 transcription factors in the Chinese and Swiss strains, respectively. This work presents the first transcriptomic dataset for T. cultratus, offering a valuable foundation for subsequent research on its population genetics.
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Data availability
All datasets generated and analyzed during this study have been deposited in public repositories as follows: 1 Raw sequencing reads for both the Chinese and Swiss T. cultratus populations: NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under BioProject ID PRJNA86304619. Final unigene assembly: NCBI GenBank under accession numbers GLGY0000000020 and GLKP0000000021. 2 Transcriptome unigenes files: Figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2862377322.
Code availability
The following softwares were used for data analysis:
1. Fastp was used for pre-processing for FastQ files. https://github.com/OpenGene/fastp.
2. FastQC was used for quality control. http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/.
3. Trinity 2.6.6 was used to de novo transcriptome assembly. https://github.com/trinityrnaseq/trinityrnaseq.
4. Corset version 4.6 13 was used to enhance the final transcriptome dataset. https://github.com/Oshlack/Corset.
5. BUSCO v5.5.0 were used for assessing assembly quality. https://busco.ezlab.org/.
6. KOBAS-i was used for Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis. http://bioinfo.org/kobas.
7. Transcription factor identification was conducted using the Animal Transcription Factor Database (version 4.0). https://guolab.wchscu.cn/AnimalTFDB4/#/.
8. TransDecoder (3.0.1) 19 was employed to predict the ORFs. https://github.com/TransDecoder/TransDecoder.
9. OrthorFinder v2.5.5 was used to detect orthologous genes among species. https://github.com/davidemms/OrthoFinder.
10. PosiGene v0.1 was used for adaptive evolution analysis. https://github.com/gengit/PosiGene.
11. Salmon version 1.10.1 was used to quantify transcripts. https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/salmon.
12. DESeq 2 software version 2.11.40.8 was used to conduct differential expression analysis. https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department–Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Fruit-Vegetable-Flower Invasive Insect Pest Management (Yunnan FVF-PM Joint Lab) (No. 202303AP140018). China’s donation to the CABI Development Fund (VM10051). Francesco Tortorici was supported by the Agritech National Research Center of Italy and received funding from the European Union Next-Generation EU (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza “PNRR”—Missione 4, Componente 2, Investimento 1.4—D.D. 1032 17/06/2022, CN00000022). Tim Haye and Jin-Ping Zhang received core financial support from CABI and its member countries (see http://www.cabi.org/about-cabi/who-we-work-with/keydonors/ accessed on 1st August 2022).
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F.Q.L., J.P.Z. and T.H. conceived and designed the experiments. Y.Z.Z., F.T., L.W. and Z.J.S. conducted experiments. F.Q.L., F.T. and S.V.P. analyzed data. All authors contributed to writing and editing of the manuscript.
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Li, FQ., Zhong, YZ., Haye, T. et al. Transcriptomic Resource of Trissolcus cultratus: A Key Biological Control Agent for Halyomorpha halys. Sci Data (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06617-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06617-5
