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Chromosome-level genome assembly of Rhynchium brunneum (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
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  • Published: 03 April 2026

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Rhynchium brunneum (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

  • Jing Wang1 na1,
  • Shulin He1 na1,
  • Bin Chen1 &
  • …
  • Tingjing Li  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7175-26971 

Scientific Data , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Entomology
  • Sequencing

Abstract

The wasps of Rhynchium exemplify solitary vespid predators controlling Lepidopteran pests through venom-mediated paralysis, with their venom possessing significant medicinal potential. As dominant models within the species-rich subfamily Eumeninae representing 70% of Vespidae diversity, they provide critical insights into sociality evolution and biocontrol mechanisms. To boost research on Vespidae, we used PacBio long-read, short-read RNA-seq (Illumina) and Hi-C scaffolding technologies to create a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for Rhynchium brunneum, an important solitary insect. We obtained a 328.90 Mb assembly with a Scaffold N50 size of 15.98 Mb. We detected 96.2% Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologues (BUSCO) in the genome assembly, which contains 51.77% repetitive sequences and has 12,999 protein-coding genes annotated. In R. brunneum, we identified 173 gene expansions and 274 genes that underwent contraction or loss. The high-quality genome of R. brunneum provides a valuable genetic resource for future research in evolution, molecular biology, and applied studies.

Data availability

The raw sequencing data of Rhynchium brunneum has been deposited at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The PacBio, Illumina, Hi-C, and transcriptome data are available under accession numbers SRR35603922-SRR3560393159,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68. The assembled genome has been deposited in the NCBI assembly with the accession number GCA_055773155.169. The genome annotation information has been deposited in the Figshare database70.

Code availability

No custom scripts or code were generated in this study. All data analyses were performed according to the manual and protocols of the published bioinformatic tools.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Chun-Lin He (Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China) for providing us with some specimens for this research. This study was funded by the Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program (No. 2022FY202100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31772490, 31372247, 31000976).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Jing Wang, Shulin He.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Control and Utilization of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China

    Jing Wang, Shulin He, Bin Chen & Tingjing Li

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  1. Jing Wang
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Contributions

T.-J.L. and B.C. contributed to the research design. J.W. and S.-L.H. analyzed the data. J.W., S.-L.H. and T.-J.L. wrote the draft manuscript and revised the manuscript. All co-authors contributed to this manuscript and approved it.

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Correspondence to Tingjing Li.

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Wang, J., He, S., Chen, B. et al. Chromosome-level genome assembly of Rhynchium brunneum (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Sci Data (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07168-5

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  • Received: 08 October 2025

  • Accepted: 27 March 2026

  • Published: 03 April 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07168-5

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